Essay on The Character of Caliban in Shakespeares Tempest

Caliban is one of the primary antagonists in William Shakespeares play The Tempest. It is impossible to understand the Tempest without first understanding the character of Caliban. Through the exploration of the character of Caliban the reader gains an understanding of his importance within the play and that he is simply not just black and white, there is also a great deal of grey. It is the characters ambiguity that enables him to be human inside although appearing bestial on the outside. Caliban is a great example of a character being much more than one dimensional, almost to the point of being nearly a real person. While there is a great emphasis on the pure and the good, everyone has within them a darker side. Which is that†¦show more content†¦Either way, his presence and basic character must be understood if we are to understand that of Prospero. Caliban is the only character to whom Prospero is deliberately, and often unnecessarily antagonistic. Therefore the question of whether Calibans wickedness is pure evil or mischief is necessary in the ultimate judgement of the play. If the character of Caliban is to be seen as a poor misguided soul, twisted into the creature that he has become, through cruelty shown to him by foreign invaders, then maybe he is not so evil after all. If this is the case, then his actions can be blamed on natural instinct and a tormented mind. In the second scene of Act one, Caliban attempts, with some success, to plead his case as the hard done by innocent. Upon their arrival on the island, he apparently treated them very well: ?...I loved thee, And showed thee all the qualities othisle, The fresh springs, brine pits, barren place and fertile 1:2:337 While Miranda and Prospero took him in as their own. This situation continued, while Miranda took pains to make him speak until Caliban attempted to violate the honour of Miranda. This could be seen as an act of pure instinct rather than malice: a wish to populate this isle with Calibans is natural. His lack of remorse however, is obvious. This act only served him in being shut in aShow MoreRelated The Character of Caliban in Shakespeares The Tempest Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesThe Character of Caliban in The Tempest       This thing of darkness, I must acknowledge mine It is impossible to understand The Tempest without first understanding the character of Caliban. Despite numerous novels and poems praising the virtuous, the pure and the good, everyone has within them a darker side of depravity and evil thoughts. This makes us human. What distinguishes between good and bad people, though, is the way in which this alter ego manifests itself to both the rest of mankindRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s The Tempest1229 Words   |  5 Pagesplay, The Tempest. One of Cohen’s theses though - thesis four â€Å"The Monster Dwells at the Gates of Difference† - appears quite prominently in Shakespeare’s work. The thesis articulates that monsters are divisive and often arise in a culture to make one group seem superior to another. Further, societies devise monsters in order to create a scapegoat for social and political inequities and instabilities that surface in that society. 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Why Was 1963 Important For The Decade - 901 Words

Why was 1963 so crucial to the decade? Provide three examples to support your argument? In 1963 many events occurred that had a profound effect on the decade and the future of our country. First, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr a major civil rights leader, realized that with Kennedy as President and an unsympathetic congress, the chances of getting a civil rights bill passed into law were doomed. He decided in the summer of 1963, with the help of Urban league leaders and A. Philip Randolph‘s labor union, to publicize a march on Washington DC for freedom. Over 300,000 mostly black Americans came to the nation’s capital to make the world aware of the need for new civil rights laws to ensure that not only blacks, but all Americans would have equal political, social, and economic opportunities to succeed. This is where Rev. King gave the most famous of all civil rights speeches known as The â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech. That speech and the large turnout did much to make the nation aware that a change in the law was inevitable. Also in 1963, the cold war with the Soviet Union was escalating as an example, a wall was put up in Berlin to separate Communist East Germany from Democratic West Germany. President Kennedy went to Germany to make it perfectly clear (he spoke in German) to the German people that the United States were 100 percent behind all freedom loving people and would use our military and economic resources to defend freedom anywhere in the world. This speech and Kennedy’sShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis of Spike Lees Film, 4 Little Girls947 Words   |  4 Pagesacknowledge that while society had experienced significant progress up to the turn of the century, people still had a long way to go in order for the world to be a morally acceptable place. Reading more information about the girls killed during the 1963 Baptist Church bombing really shocked me and made me want to discuss this film. 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Sex Tourism Free Essays

string(136) " the World Tourism Organization at its eleventh session – Cairo \(Egypt\), 17–22  October 1995 \(Resolution A/RES/338 \(XI\)\)\." A Thesis Presented to the Department of Tourism Institute of Arts and Sciences ABE International Business College – Makati In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Major in Tourism Management By: Tacder, Judy Anne Atilares, Princess Mary Joy Toreja, Dominique Jane Gabinete, Christine Larah Ardeno, Lucile Mae March 2013 Table of Contents Page Acknowledgment i Abstractii Table of Contentsiii Chapter I: The Problem and Its Setting Introduction Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Hypothesis Significance of the Study Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework/Research Paradigm Scope and Limitations of the Study Chapter II: Review of Related Literatures Foreign Literature Local Literature Foreign Studies Local Studies Synthesis Chapter III: Research Methodology Research Design Respondents of the Study Research Locale Instrumentation Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Treatment of Data Chapter IV: Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data Chapter V: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations Summary of Findings Conclusions Recommendations Back Matters References or Bibliography Appendix Curriculum Vitae or Biological Sketch References 1. â€Å"WTO Statement on the Prevention of Organized Sex Tourism†. Adopted by the General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization at its eleventh session – Cairo (Egypt), 17–22  October 1995 (Resolution A/RES/338 (XI)). You read "Sex Tourism" in category "Essay examples" We will write a custom essay sample on Sex Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cairo (Egypt): World Tourism Organization. 17–22 October 1995. Retrieved 20  December  2006. 2. ^  Hannum, Ann Barger (2002). â€Å"Sex Tourism in Latin America†. ReVista: Harvard Review of Latin America  (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA:  Harvard University) (winter). Retrieved 6 October 2011. 3. La explotacion sexual de menores en Kenia alcanza una dimension horrible [The sexual exploitation of children in Kenya reaches a horrible dimension]†Ã‚  (in French) (PDF). Spain: Unicef Espana. 17 January 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2011. 4. Guzder, Deena (25 August 2009). â€Å"The Economics of Commercial Sexual Exploitation†. Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting. Retrieved 6 October 2011. 5. â€Å"Brazil†. The Protection Project. Archived from  the original  on 20  December  2006. Retrieved 20  December  2006. â€Å"Brazil is a major sex tourism destination. Foreigners come from Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Latin America, and North America  Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6. Philippine Laws, Statutes And Codes – Chan Robles Virtual Law Library 7. â€Å"Number of prostitutes in the Philippines†. 8. http://72. 14. 205. 104/search? q=cache:TIWkkRrf8S0J:www. childhope. org. ph/empowering. doc+prostitution+pasay+philippineshl=enct=clnkcd=17 9. Martin Brass (2004). The Modern Scourge of Sex Slavery. Soldier of Fortune Magazine. 10. Lin Lean Lim (1998). The Sex Sector: The Economic and Social Bases of Prostitution in Southeast Asia. International Labour Organization. ISBN  92-2-109522-3. 11. Lauber, Sabina (1995). â€Å"Confronting Sexual Exploitation†. Australian Law Reform Commission  Reform BulletinWinter 1995  (67). Retrieved 2007-02-07. 12. http://www. hawaii. edu/hivandaids/Determinants%20of%20Extramarital%20Sex%20in%20the%20Philippines. pdf 13. â€Å"Sex industry assuming massive proportions in Southeast Asia†Ã‚  (Press release). International Labor Organization. 19 August 1998. Judy Anne V. Tacder 1322 Filmore St. Palanan Makati City Mobile Number: (0915) 3257064 lolz_xxd@yahoo. com [pic] JOB OBJECTIVE To be able to develop my skills and knowledge and be a productive through an actual exposure and participation in the company’s various activities. pic] PERSONAL PROFILE Age: 18 Civil Status:Single Citizenship:Filipino Religion:Roman Catholic Date of Birth:March 2, 1994 Place of Birth:Dr. Jose Fabella Hospital, Manila Languages Spoken :English and Filipino EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT College: Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management ABE International Business College #95 Sen. Gil Puyat Ave. Brgy. Palanan Makati C ity Secondary:Southeastern College College Road Taft Ave. Pasay City 2006-2010 Elementary:Hen . Pio. Del. Pilar Elementary School P. Binay St. Makati City 2000-2006 TRAININGS/SEMINARS ATTENDED Career Assistance Management Service (CAMS) Take Off: The Passport to a Soaring Future UP Nesmed Auditorium, Diliman, Quezon City September 2010 Bartending, Hospitality Management, Philippine Tourist Destination Seminar Hotel Henrico, Baguio City October 2010 Second Annual Convention of League of Tourism Students of the Philippines Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas September 2011 Tour Guiding Operation and Travel Operation Seminar ABE International Business College – Makati September 2011 Food and Safety Sanitation Seminar Johnny Rockets, Robinsons Galleria November 2011 Young Entrepreneurships’ Sponsorship Program Boardwalk Business Ventures Inc. August 2012 SCHOLARSHIPS Fund Assistance for Private Education (FAPE) Southeastern College, Pasay City 2006-2010 AFFILIATION Vice President Supreme Student Council Vice President Tourism Club Organization CHARACTER REFERENCES Mr. Albert C. Coronel Instructor ABE International Business College #95 Sen. Gil Puyat Ave. Makati City (0927) 4606696 Ms. Arlina Jabines RND Instructor ABE International Business College #95 Sen. Gil Puyat Ave. Makati City (0920) 6327636 I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct. ______________________ Judy Anne V. Tacder Abstract This bachelor thesis is examining sex-tourism as a mean of economic development. The purpose of the paper is to examine how sex-tourism is being used as a mean for development and also why it can be considered to be a part of a countries development strategy. There are many different types of tourism and ways for a country to use tourism as an income source. Although sex-tourism probably not is considered to be a morally legitimate reason for tourism, it does, as we know, however occur and since it is an existing phenomenon it also becomes an income source for the country of destination. This work has an overlapping theme; using dependency theory as a base it tries to connect the question of sustainable development to sex-tourism. While tourism in general is regarded as a private sector activity where market forces are predominating, the fact is that states are very much involved in the business of tourism. The involvement might vary from country to country but by far all governments are active in tourism and its development, which is why dependency theory has been chosen as the starting point for the thesis, it is also the reason why the concept of sustainability is being connected to sex-tourism. The paper follows both a broad perspective and a detailed focus. The broad perspective evaluates tourism and sex-tourism in general while the detailed focus lie on Costa Rica. Costa Rica has been chosen as an empirical example for the paper due to its interesting affiliation with sex-tourism and tourism in general. Chapter I: The Problem and Its Setting Introduction Traveling in the sense of tourism is something that most enjoy and wish to experience more frequently. The phenomenon of mass-tourism is not an entirely new concept; however the tourism industry of today is growing at a rapid pace and is generating a huge amount of capital. Tourism as defined by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO): â€Å"the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited† (http://www. unwto. org/statistiques/tsa_in_depth/chapters/ch3-1. htm), does not by far give us the whole picture of tourism. While tourism on the one hand is about pleasure and relaxing it is also about politics, power and about earning foreign exchange. There are many different forms of tourism and ways for a country to use tourism as an income source. After visiting Costa Rica several times it became apparent to me that also sex-tourism can be an activity that has a great part of a country’s economic development when using tourism as an instrument. Sex-tourism was of course something that I knew about from before, but the thought of it as a mean for development had never occurred to me. Therefore this paper will further explore sex-tourism as a type of tourism, as well as a mean for development when tourism is a part of a country’s development strategy. Connected with development lies the concept of sustainability, and although sex-tourism and the prostitution that sex-tourism implies probably cannot be considered to fall under a country’s sustainable development, sex-tourism does as we know however occur and since it is an existing phenomenon it also becomes an income source for the country of destination, and hence therefore it is also a part of a country’s economic development, whether it is considered to be sustainable or not. The dilemma of sex-tourism and prostitution in general is that it involves a lot of complex issues, such as moral and legal questions concerning prostitution. In Costa Rica, which is the country that in this work will be used as illustration, prostitution is legal and the country is in fact a growing sex-tourism destination, which however does not necessarily imply that the country is using sex-tourism as a part of it development strategy although it might be a possibility. Furthermore what does it exactly mean to use sex-tourism as a development strategy and what does it imply for the women working in the industry. Can sex-tourism change the conditions for women working in the sex-industry or is it just an expansion of an already existing prostitution. Questions like these are what made me wanting to further research the subject of sex-tourism. Background of the Study Sex tourism can be defined as tourism for which the main motivation or at least part of the aim of the trip is to consummate or engage in commercial sexual relations. For the purpose of this paper I have chosen to follow this definition of sex-tourism and this because I believe that purchasing sexual services does not have to be the sole purpose of the trip for it to be called sex-tourism. Like all transactions, sex-tourism is both an economic and political phenomenon, this because it must have a market and the transactions must be considered indirectly or directly socially and politically legitimate. Studies indicate that in recent years, the number of men (and women) traveling to foreign destinations usually in the Third World seeking sex-tourism has increased tremendously. In the past, destinations for sex tourism have mainly been the Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, the Philippines and Indonesia Today, sex-tourism has spread to other regions of the world including Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Brazil, Costa Rica, Eastern Europe and a number of African countries such as Kenya, Tunisia, South Africa and Gambia. While most countries have prostitution, legal or not, certain destinations have, as stated above, become linked with sex-tourism. What makes sex-tourism, in my opinion, so interesting to study is the complexity of the fact that tourism constitutes the main trading and source for foreign exchange for many of these â€Å"sex destination† countries. Within the tourism industry we find sex-tourism and whether or not prostitution is considered to be legal or morally defendable, the fact remains that sex-tourism is a source of income for many countries. Prostitution is an institution that states have tried to control throughout many historical periods; today most states have some kind of prostitution policy, even if it not actively enforced. Depending on the dominant definition of the issue, the control by governments is being done in different ways. The definition determines the goal of state intervention: is it about maintaining law and order, preserving morals, preventing the spread of sexual transmitted diseases14or is it about protecting women from exploitation. The dominant interpretation also determines in which political arena and policy system the politics of prostitution is fought, which actors are able to get in or are excluded, and what interest groups are formed around the issue. Prostitution is often perceived by many authorities as a law-and-order problem, a phenomenon giving rise to disorderliness and drunken behavior, generally causing public annoyance in the surrounding neighborhood and threatening the peace. While this might be so, when it comes to tourism, prostitution seems to be a welcomed phenomenon as long as it draws tourists to the country and it does not create a bad reputation for the designated country. The prostitution in Thailand for example, has for years drawn Western male tourist to the country, but as the country’s status abroad started to decline the country was forced to recognizing the â€Å"problem† of prostitution. The demand for sex-tourism of a particular destination is probably not a static one and although sex tourism remains a big draw among many travelers to certain destination, pressure from wealthier states that the country of destination is dependent has an impact on the constraints to which policymakers of the host country must respond. Changes in government behavior toward the sex industry may not be happening in spite of tourism, but rather because of the changes in foreign pressure. Some tourism researchers go as far to say that tourism in itself in fact is prostitution. Poorer nations are encouraged to open their frontiers and their dwellings to the foreign visitors and are pressured to engage in commercial transactions of a very particular type in which they offer their culture, their heritage, their traditions and even certain members of their population to visitors. Statement of the Problem Sex tourism and child sex tourism, it has become one of the most attractive type of tourism in this modern world. More and more people are going for sex tourism and they do not feel shy or embarrassing to admit they travel for sex experiences. Sex tourism and child sex tourism can bring a lot of money to the country and job opportunities to people directly or indirectly but however, due to the fast growing of the industry; sex tourism and child sex tourism have brought many misleading consequences and damages. Sex trafficking, sex trade and diseases. Once the victims are traded or trafficked, the traffickers will make sure they have complete control over the victims, leave them no rights or freedom over their own bodies thus enslaving them to the sex industry world. Furthermore, they will leave the victims so psychologically and physically abused that they do not dare to run away. They put dept bondage on them and force them to pay back before they could leave the sex trade. According to ECPAT, studies have shown that a child prostitute can serve between two to thirty clients per week, which can be estimated between 100 to 1500 clients per year and many of them are below 10 years old (Nair, no date). Most of them are still so young and they do not know what really is going on, all they know is listen to the orders else they would be beaten or left starve. The victims that are engaged in sex industry have both their mental and physical psychological affected. Their living condition is bad and their meals are irregular and not healthy and they rarely receive treatment when they are sick only until it gets too serious. Not to mention STD, HIV/AIS, according to a research, HIV positive rates are 42% to 54% among sex workers and the percentage will increase in the future. Apart from that, they suffer from exhaustion, infections and violence. If they do not work hard and earn enough money they would be punished. Most of them would feel scared, hopeless, depression and low self-esteem since they do not know who to run to for help or protect. Few are brave enough to run away but most of them will choose drugs and suicide to forget and reduce the suffering. Every problem has reasons behind it, so do sex trafficking, sex trade and the diseases. The demand with lenient laws on prostitution has pushed Thailand sex industries grow faster and stronger. The more unique demands pour in the better the services and the greater surprises would be provided. So there will not be any stop for it. Go in hand with it; it is the poverty and cultural perception. Thai believes in working as sex worker is their only choice and what their ancestor did so they keep faith in it. In addition, there are too many poor families in Thailand and they have very little education and skills in them so they would not earn much if they work in factory or restaurant compare being as a sex worker. Hypothesis In this statement, a requirement to determine the significant relationship between the cause and effect of sex tourism is recommended. The hypothesis should be able to predict the relationship between the variables. †¢ Sex industry in Philippines increases the number of child prostitutes. †¢ The intercourse between sex worker and customer could cause STD and other diseases. The existence of sex tourism does increase the number of STD patients. †¢ Human trafficking will increase as the demand for sex tourism and child sex tourism increase. Significance of the Study The main reason why I choose this topic to write about is to alert the world and tell them what sex tourism and child sex tourism is all about. Many people have very vague ideas of the indust ry and how it actually works. Most of them only look at how they want sex industry to be and they totally ignore the bad effects behind it. For instance, sex shows, do the tourists even think about the girls who are doing it, how they actually think or feel or whether they were forced to do it for something call ‘money or threaten by the brothels or traffickers’. Does human right even exist in this context? And human trafficking, many women and children have been trafficked, traded or sold but no one seems to try to stop it but they just close one eye. ECPAT estimates there are more than one million children worldwide that are engaged in sex trade each year. Poverty, cultural perception and demand are the main reasons that make the industry grow faster and stronger. Whenever there is a demand, there will be supply as many people are unemployed and most of them are in financial crisis. However, people are neglected what might hunt them afterwards, the diseases, the psychological effects and their unsure future. Theoretical Framework/Conceptual Framework Figure 1: The trafficking triangle. The conceptual framework above was designed by Phinney (no date), the author set up a relationship between supply, demand and impunity with human trafficking. The author shows a relationship between them which helps human trafficking activities develop and growth. When there is demand, there will be supply since there are purchasers who demand for it and due to demand, supply and lenient law; the traffickers take it as their advantage to traffic more and more women and children. In another hand, supply is the most visible factors among the three. The drives behind it contribute significant reasons for more trafficking to happen, poverty, unemployment, threaten and dream of a better life, etc. And then impunity, since sex tourism injects a lot of money to the country economy, so the government often close one eye unless a victim is caught and agree to report, else they ould let the situation going on until it is getting out of control. Figure 2: Reasons/drivers for sexual activity along a continuum of volition. This conceptual framework was conducted by Weissman (2006). This research concentrates in the prevention of HIV among the youth, especially the girls and the reasons why young people engage in the sexuality activity. The framework above shows the drivers of 2 different points of view, one is by forced and the other is by volunteer. He believes there are reasons behind for young girls volunteer themselves in having relationship with older man or another boy her age. It might due to emotional security, material security like gift or money, or for the pleasure during the intercourse or it was due to the ambition for power, social status, and an escape for a better life. Whereas for the young girls who are forced, the main reason is because of money, most of them have financial problems or they have been threatened by other to turn themselves as prostitute. Even though, his point here is to educate them, either they are forced or offered themselves willingly they should protect themselves to avoid HIV/AIDS or other STD infections. Scope and Limitations of the Study Scope: I choose Thailand for my topic is due to its booming now in the world and of its unique nature services. Everyone knows about Thailand as one of the hubs for sex tourism and also the range of services they provide, as long there is a demand for it, Thailand will not disappoint the customers. Limitation: Being students, we have a lot of limitations, we do not get a lot of help and support that we seek for. Most of the time, we can only get the information through journals and perhaps people’s opinion through internet and not directly from the source. For instance, one of my research questions I ask about â€Å"Whether Thai government purposely promotes sex tourism to drive Thai national growth? † Due to my limitation, it is almost impossible for me to get a chance to have an interview with the government people. I will not be able to get an audience with them. Besides that, there are money issues, time restraints and limited resources, for research experiment, I need to conduct surveys or questionnaires to the people that are concerned include sex workers, pimps, traffickers, victims, etc but I do not have time, resources and money to go to Thailand to do so. In addition, a GPD is needed to prove the importance of sex tourism in Thailand economic but most of the time the country do not give fully information about it, because there are so many illegal parties going on in Thailand sex industry. Apart from that, I need to identify the location of the commercial sex markets and the places where all the activities occurred. Chapter V: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation Conclusion As the world becomes increasingly interconnected though the Internet and the growing global economy, sex tourism may become an even more significant phenomenon. Current literature studying sexual addiction describes sexual behaviors, compulsions, and obsessions that closely match some of the sexual behaviors described on sex tour websites. The types of sexual behaviors discovered in this study indicate the possible use of sex tourism to feed sexual addiction. In light of research showing that men are less inhibited while traveling, and the present study’s findings that men are having anonymous sexual experiences, possible health risks may be increased. Decreased inhibitions, combined with consumption of alcohol and an adventurous attitude toward sex, may create an increased rate of unprotected sex and thus increased risk for STDs. Sex tour advertisements stress the importance of being adventurous and experiencing sex like never before; these encouragements could increase the likelihood that consumers are reckless when it comes to not using protection during sex. Considering current literature pointing to the already increased risk of contracting HIV/AIDS for prostitutes and their customers, sex tourism appears to add multiple layers of risk. Data from the present study also support the idea that foreign women are not the only one’s being exploited by the sex tour industry. Data depicting men as looking for love, romance, and emotional connections with foreign women show that some men are under the impression they may find satisfying emotional connections with women when they realistically are participating in prostitution. The present study serves to explore sex tourism, a topic that is scarcely studied. Helping professionals, academics, and public interests internationally can benefit from further research in this area. Future research should focus on gaining more detailed accounts of erotic tourism by contacting those participating, a population that is difficult to reach and rarely studied. Studies should focus on interviewing male sex tourists to explore their self-image, self-confidence, ability to form relationships, health concerns, and social consequences experienced due to participation in sex tourism. Goals of future research should include identifying why men are participating in sex tourism, what underlying unmet needs are being met by participation, and ways to make the industry safer for those who continue to participate. Acknowledgement Foremost, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to our instructor Mr. Ivan Parcero for the continuous support of our Bachelors study and research, for his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped us in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. We could not have imagined having a better instructor and mentor for Bachelors study. Besides our advisor, we would like to thank the rest of our thesis committee: Mr. Ivan Dominique Lustan and Mr. Marvin Ocumen for their encouragement, insightful comments, and hard questions. I thank my fellow group mates in ABE International Business College: Princess Mary Joy Atilares, Dominique Jane Toreja, Christine Lhara Gabinete and Lucile Ardeno, for the stimulating discussions, for the sleepless nights we were working together before deadlines, and for all the fun we have had in the last one year. In particular, we are grateful to Mr. Ivan Parcero for enlightening us the first glance of research. Last but not the least; we would like to thank our family for giving birth to us at the first place and supporting us spiritually throughout our life. Chapter III: Research Methodology Research Design This article presents the findings of an exploratory, qualitative study using content analysis to observe common themes and patterns of sex tour websites. Through systematic observation of available sex tour websites, researcher’s uncovered themes represented on sex tour sites. Inductively, researchers explored the text of sex tour websites looking for common categories. These categories were systematically coded and then analyzed to elucidate common themes and patterns. Both authors served as coders to examine these themes to ensure inter-code reliability. As stated, once themes and patterns were established and labeled, researchers began culling data for the presence or variances of these themes, again to ensure maximum validity and reliability. In consistently reevaluating, redefining, and openly exploring the website material, researchers built theory by making comparisons, thus establishing the themes that are presented in the findings. In order to ensure trustworthiness of data, disagreements in data analysis were dealt with carefully. Conflicts in interpretation were identified and placed to the side for a period of time. After a period of â€Å"cooling off,† the researchers reevaluated data after having carefully explored our personal biases and issues related to the subject. The sample for this study included 20 sex tour websites used as texts for data analysis. The study employed five major search engines to conduct a comprehensive search, reviewing websites containing information on â€Å"sex tours† and â€Å"sex tourism. † These search engines included: Yahoo, AltaVista, Ilor, Magellan, and Lycos. As different search engines utilize different search criteria and methodology, utilizing various engines is a comprehensive search, and is especially important when research involve cross-cultural or transnational issues. Utilizing each of these search engines helped ensure that most available sites would be found. Upon running a search and locating sites, each website was printed and logged. Due to the vast number of sites and expected similarities among sites, data collection concluded when researchers achieved data saturation. The information on each website was individually analyzed, and then its themes were compared with those of other sites until saturation was reached. Through content analysis, each sex tour website was thoroughly reviewed and topics and categories were separated and labeled. The analysis included two initial anticipated themes: the portrayal of male tourists and information referring to male tourists’ insecurities. The authors attempted to remain open to the emergence of new themes as they arose in data analysis. Using a method of constant comparative analysis, researcher’s coded data, reviewed codes, recoded data into new categories, and continued in a process until clear, specific themes became apparent181 The Qualitative Report June 2004. Common themes and patterns were collected and compared with data from other websites. The second author reviewed the emergence of themes in order to ensure inter-coder reliability and reduce researcher bias. The final study results include qualitative data describing emerging themes and their implications. Respondents of the Study More than half of survey respondents believe that Thailand tourists abroad are involved in sex tourism with minors. The study on sex tourism and child pornography was commissioned by the Thailand branch of ECPAT (End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography Trafficking of Children). The study consulted a representative group of 1,007 people aged 18 or over who are resident in Thailand. While the majority categorically deemed sex tourism involving minors as unacceptable, some 56 percent nonetheless think that Luxembourg tourists are at least occasionally sex tourists abroad. Respondents also had quite a clear picture of sex tourists, with the majority saying they are richer, older men with an average level of education, who are married with children. Meanwhile, 98 percent of respondents said it was important that tourism operators help fight sex tourism involving minors, for example by discontinuing co-operations with hotels tolerating sex tourism, alerting police, raising awareness among customers and distributing information material. Instrumentation This project required access to a computer; University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; The Human Trafficking Law Project; The Department of Justice websites. Data Gathering Procedure The quantitative data collected from the children have been categorized and simple statistical tools have been used to analyze the data. The detailed patterns and trends in the practice have been shown in the form of tabular data. The information from key informants has also been categorized in major thematic areas. T hese pieces of information were then put together to get a complete picture of the entire issue. | | | | | |SN |Background of children |Age Group |Gender |Total number present | |1. |Children from slum areas and street |8 – 18 |5 – F |25 | | |children, Philippines | |20 – M | | |2. Children from slum areas, Philippines |8 – 16 |20 – M |20 | Chapter II: Review of Related Literature and Studies Literature on Sex Tourism While it is evident that sex tourism is a significant social problem, the current sex tour literature is scarce. Studies examining the links between travel and sex have explored a variety of topic areas, and report that people often are more willing to participate in increasingly risky sexual behaviors while traveling (Bloor, Thomas, Abeni, Goujon, Hausser, Hubert, Kleiber, Nieto, 1998). Other studies also find that people’s sexual inhibitions decrease while on vacation. These studies help to uncover patterns that connect sex and traveling as two compatible leisure activities. However, during sex tours, sex and travel are more intentionally linked than coincidental sex with fellow vacationers. The tours focus specifically on having foreign sexual experiences that possess elements of gender inequality, male dominance, and the oppression of foreign women. However, literature also suggests that many male tourists are also exploited through their false beliefs, propagated by sex tour agencies, that they may have emotionally satisfying relationships with female prostitutes’ reports confusion by tourists as to whether they are participating in prostitution, friendships, flirtation, or love. Tourism varies as to whether tourists consider themselves seeking sex or romance, and often tourists ignore the fact they are paying foreign women for sex, in favor of viewing the interaction as an emotional involvement for both parties. In reference to sex tourism through organized sex tour agencies, reports recent facts and figures of this growing industry in the United States. In her research on the sex tour industry, Abu-Nasr (1998) reports that typical sex tour clients are men aged 35-55. These men are described as ranging from questionable characters to respectable professionals such as judges, attorneys, school board members, clergymen, and even a father treating his son on his18th birthday. Abu-Nasr (1998) also describes a common sense of denial about HIV/AIDS and other STDs in sex tour countries, specifically Thailand. A brief description of male tourists’ attitudes report that men view foreign women as a different class of human, often objectifying them, using them, and benefiting from their economic destitution (Abu-Nasr, 1998). 179 The Qualitative Report June 2004Chutikul (2002), an advisor in the Office of the Prime Minister in Thailand, writes that sex tourism is growing amongst U. S. business travelers. Chutikul (2002) states that companies are now including sex tours as part of fringe benefits for employees. These new surges of western and European tourists join local men, who regularly visit prostitutes in Thailand, making the sex market a very large industry. Chutikul (2002) reports that sex tourists often travel to Thailand to seek sexual experiences that have grave consequences in their own country. Thus, the sexual behaviors sought by tourists are characterized by a lack of sexual inhibitions and potential risks. While some literature does exist How to cite Sex Tourism, Essay examples

Sonnys Blues Biblograpghy free essay sample

The power struggle in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† Baldwin, James. Sonnys Blues. 10th ed. N. p. : publisher, 1957. Print. This article discusses how an unnamed narrator in â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† discovers from a newspaper that his younger brother, Sonny, has been arrested for selling and using heroin. It shows a inside view of the narrators feeling towards his brother Sonny. In the story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† you will see how concerned he becomes about his brother. You will see a great deal of love, patience, and understanding come out in this character, For the narrator’s mother had asked him to serve as his brother’s keeper before she passed away. This story is my primary source and I will use it heavily to express my points on the world view of the character. I also plan to further discuss how such brotherly love takes place in this story and how the narrator ends up having a better understanding of his brother’s choices on how music makes his inner thoughts and feelings turn in to reality and how they are expressed through his piano playing. We will write a custom essay sample on Sonnys Blues Biblograpghy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shmoop Editorial Team. The Narrator Timeline in Sonnys Blues Shmoop. com. Shmoop University, Inc. , 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. Shmoop Editorial Team. Sonnys Blues Summary Shmoop. com. Shmoop University, Inc. , 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 8 Oct. 2012. These articles summarize the character view points from the narrator and his brother Sonny. It helps to sum up the main events in the story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. I am going to use this article to help support my points in how the character begins to change his view point on his brother Sonny, and how the character meets that change he needed to find to keep his promise to his mother and to regain faith in his brother. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Music in Sonny’s Blues. † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Sonny’s Blues. † SparkNotes. com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 2 Oct. 2012. These notes help in understanding the conflict in the story â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†. It reviews how Sonny was before and after he got into trouble and started his music career. I will be able to pull from these notes and use them to further discuss the thoughts of the narrator and explain how this conflict was resolved. You will see a great deal of love, patience, and understanding come out in this character, For the narrator’s mother had asked him to serve as his brother’s keeper before she passed away. This story is my primary source and I will use it heavily to express my points on the world view of the character. It reviews how Sonny was before and after he got into trouble and started his music career. I will be able to pull from these notes and use them to further discuss the thoughts of the narrator and explain how this conflict was resolved. References ODaniel, Therman Benjamin. James Baldwin, a critical evaluation. Howard Univ Pr, 1977. Kinnamon, Keneth. James Baldwin: a collection of critical essays. Vol. 113. Prentice Hall, 1974. Ro, Sigmund. Rage and celebration: essays on contemporary Afro-American writing. Solum Forlag, 1984. Baker, David. Humanities through the black experience. Ed. Phyllis Rauch Klotman. Kendall Hunt Publishing Company, 1977. Tracy, Steven C. From Blues to Bop. MELUS 19.3 (1994): 133-136. Breton, Marcela. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Jazz Short Stories. African American Review 26.2 (1992): 299-306.

Macbeth by William Shakespeare Essay Example

Macbeth by William Shakespeare Paper In drama the audience is informed of each characters personality by numerous ways, the most obvious being the characters own actions and deeds. The use of a second party account, and finally the effective use of dramatic irony, where the audience knows something which the character is unaware of and then the audience can see his/her reaction to the news. The audiences first impression of Macbeth comes from another characters account. This character, a sergeant, whom had been injured in battle and had retreated to a camp, was asked by the king how Macbeth had fought in battle. The sergeant shows Macbeth in a courageous and noble light, For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name. Macbeth is seen in this way as he came against a merciless rebel in battle. Even when Macbeths army were losing , he was brave enough to make his way through the opposition and slaughter every man in his way, until eventually getting to the rebel Macdonwald and killing him. It was very important to Macbeth that hed made his King and country proud, his bravery reflected this and showed that he was loyal, Like valours minion carved out his passage. Till he faced the slave. And fixed his head upon our battlements. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth by William Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth by William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth by William Shakespeare specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Joined with his friend, Banquo, the audience first sees Macbeth whilst he was on his way home from battle, when they came across three witches. Instantly theres a definite contrast of mixed feelings in the air between Macbeths reaction and Banquos reaction. The prophecy that Macbeth will become thane of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland gets the best of Macbeth. Macbeth seems to be very accepting and open minded to the prophecies of the three old hags and he doesnt care to question them. The three witches had easily seduced him, Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more! Macbeth is obviously intrigued. However, Banquo seems to be much more disturbed and suspicious, he questions their motives more, Were such things here as we do speak about? As witches are a sign of evil, he feels threatened. Hes confused by how the prophecies could be possible due to the divine order, where the king is chosen by God, how then could it be Macbeth? Banquo is far more surprised than Macbeth when the prophecies come true yet he still questions the witches, What, does the devil speak true? The witches had successfully manipulated Macbeth to a state where he was almost entranced with the prophecies; he liked what he heard, That he seems rapt withal. With the prophecies fulfilling their purpose, Macbeths ambitious nature runs away with him and leads to regicide to obtain his wishes. The audience in the Elizabethan era in the 16th century had different attitudes and beliefs about witchcraft than the one we share today. The audience would have been horror-struck as witches were seen as the devils agents and the viewers would have taken a great hatred and distrust to them, especially once the reactions to the witches from both the characters were seen. The audience would have now questioned their first impression of Macbeth and would have wondered whether their interpretation of Macbeths character was accurate. Macbeth now being Thane of both, Glamis and Cawdor, started to rethink whether regicide was a good idea. He felt that killing Duncan may not be a necessary thing to do in order to achieve the final prophecy, as he had built a respectable reputation. Macbeth definitely experiences a heavy spell of doubt. Shakespeare uses a powerful soliloquy in order to convey Macbeths feeling of a divided and troubled mind, almost as if theres an angel on one shoulder and a devil on the other. He weighs up the consequences of his actions and the antithesis in the line, cannot be ill, cannot be good, shows his doubt. Macbeth manages to come up with several excuses as to why not to go through with the plan, the first being the simple consequence of murdering the king, which is being put to death if caught. The second being that kingship and loyalty to Duncan would be broken, after all they are related! Thirdly, that king Duncan does not deserve to die because he has been a good king, Besides this Duncan hath borne faculties so meek. Macbeth even goes a step further and thinks how strong his arguments are and decides that theyre all very valid points, Strong both against the deed. Ultimately, Macbeth decides its in his best interest not to perform the task, but not if Lady Macbeth had anything to do with it! Lady Macbeth has shown to have a great influence over Macbeth and proves to be very persuasive. She uses a number of different techniques to make him reconsider as she shares the same character flaw of empowering ambition. Firstly, Macbeth shares with her his new plan and explains that his reputation matters. He hath honoured me of late, and I have bought golden opinions from all sorts of people. However, Lady Macbeth thinks hes crazy and she deploys phase one. She accuses him of breaking his promise to her, and that she can no longer trust his love. Lady Macbeth tells how a promise made to her is important, just like their love for each other. She asks Macbeth who influenced him to break this promise to her, and tells that if it were her she would be selfless and committed of purpose, What beast wast then, that made you break this enterprise to me? She then explains how she would have acted on the most grotesque and unnatural of promises. She would have killed her own baby if she promised to, I had given suck the babe that milks me. Smiling in my face. Have plucked my nipple and dashed the brains out. She makes Macbeth feel guilty. Then she deploys phase two: Macbeth as a man. She questions Macbeths masculinity by calling him a coward, which would have been a real threat, as for a man to be brave was very important, And live a coward in thine own esteem, but screw your courage to a sticking plate and we will not fail! Macbeth relies on Lady Macbeths confidence and agrees that killing Duncan will be a small price to pay for the greater good of, of course, himself! Later that same evening, whilst Macbeth is waiting for the go ahead signal from Lady Macbeth, Banquo and Fleance meet him. The scene conveys the dark and evil nature of what was about to take place. Banquo certainly feels this, The moon is down.. A heavy summons lies lead upon me.. Yet I dare not sleep. Here Banquo explains how its night; connoting darkness and evil, and that even though he is very tired he wouldnt dare to sleep because of the dark nightmares of the three witches. This scene also displays dramatic irony as Macbeth claims to not think about them when the audience knows that he is in fact obsessed, I think not of them. Macbeth then tries to lure Banquo into supporting him and if he does, he will be rewarded, If you shall cleave my consent. It shall make honour for you, Banquo replies in saying, In seeking to argument it, and allegiance clear, I shall be counselled meaning as long as my loyalty to the King can be maintained, I will join you, which clearly shows the conflicting feelings between both characters. Banquo goes on to say how well the King has been received and that the King was so pleased he gave Lady Macbeth a crystal to ward off evil. Obviously another effect of dramatic irony to convey that the real evil will inevitably take place as the owner of the crystal is evil herself. Both characters, Macbeth and Banquo are now beginning to separate and have different views which are the start of a great divide and corruptness between them. As Banquo leaves the scene, Macbeth is left alone to gather his present feelings about the regicide. A powerful soliloquy conveys this and shows what Macbeth is thinking. Macbeth starts to have an adrenalin rush which causes him to suddenly see the vision of a dagger. He suspects that its a manifestation of the mind so he questions his doubts, Is this a dagger I see before me, the handle towards my hand? Macbeth feels that the appearance of the dagger is a false creation of a heat oppressed mind He feels that the dagger isnt real so he tries to touch it to qualify this, Come let me clutch thee, but he doesnt hold it. Theres a conflict between sight and touch. Shakespeare uses punctuation and short sentences to convey Macbeths emotions of panic. The punctuation interrupts the flow to make the actor appear to breathe heavily to empathise Macbeths dilemma, Art thou not, fatal vision, sensible to feeling as to sight. Macbeth begins to trust the dagger and feels encouraged and confident in what hes doing. He sees the dagger guiding him to Duncans room. He begins to see blood covering the blade. A modern audience would have believed that Macbeth was so fired up that this was purely a hallucination. However, and Elizabethan audience would have confidently believed it was a supernatural happening due to the work of witches and the devil. The tone of the soliloquy changes from doubt and uncertainty to confidence and the transition made into evil. Macbeth loses his heroic identity and creates himself a new identity of murderer. He does this by welcoming all things evil. He now feels that he is performing a sacrifice of King Duncan to the goddess of the witches, Pale Hecate. Macbeth associates himself with dark creatures, His sentinel the wolf. Like a wolf, Macbeth hunts out Duncan like any other predator lurking in the night, and just like wolves are represented in folklore, Macbeth stalks the king with his stealthy pace. Macbeth then mentions Tarquins ravishing strides. Tarquin, a Roman, raped his hostess, Lucrecia, in the dead of night. Again, just like Tarquin, Macbeth is out to commit a brutal and violent crime in the cowardly night, a perfect time to kill Duncan in his sleep. Macbeth and Tarquin both victimised innocent people and committed a dishonorable act. Macbeth convinces himself that he is now an inhuman creature. Finally, Macbeth makes a reference to a ghost, Moving like a ghost. Macbeth uses this comparison as he would like to be as quiet as possible. However this comparison would have been far more powerful to an Elizabethan audience as it again refers to the supernatural and again an Elizabethan audience would have been freaked at his lust for satanic qualities! Macbeth eventually proceeds to kill King Duncan. The dagger disappears and Macbeth can now go it alone and fulfill the evil deed. In a little over one act of the play, the audiences have witnessed Macbeth being influenced by several forces which have encouraged the transition from heroic nobleman to evil killer, for example, his overwhelming ambition, which makes Macbeth want a position he cant have due to the system of the divine order. He is also influenced by the meddling, old witches who plant the idea of regicide into his head and finally his wife, who encourages and persuades him to kill the king. The murder of King Duncan results in chaos and anarchy all over Scotland and produces the destruction of Macbeth in the final battle between good and evil.

Free Essays on History Of Wilkes-barre

During the early 1700's various Indian tribes, such as the Shawanese, Delaware and Nanticoke, settled in the valley of Wilkes-Barre. In 1768, a group of Yankees, led by Major John Durke, built Fort Durkee near Ross Street. They named the area for John Wilkes and Iasaac Barre. Several battles took place in the following years, but the Yankees were finally recognized as the owners of the land. By the turn of the century, the area had a Newspaper, a post office, and court house. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, hundreds of thousands of immigrants came to the region to work the anthracite coal. This transformed the Wyoming Valley from an isolated farming area to a metropolis. However, the costs of extracting the clean-burning coal from the deep mine shafts were great in human and environmental terms. One out of every four mine workers was a boy. Boys as young as 7 worked the breakers, sorting out rocks from the coal. When mining was at its peak in this area, almost every day the papers carried an account of someone being killed. The most common injury was from fallen rock. The success of coal brought a steady stream of entrepreneurs who grew very rich and powerful. J. C. Atkins built the Wilkes-Barre Lace Manufacturing Co., and Fred Kirby opened his first five-and-dime stores at 172 E. Market St. Men like Charles Parrish and the Coxe brothers owned mines, powder mills, timber companies, and railroads. In 1857, Charles Stegmaier began brewing beer on Hazle St, and he was turning out over two hundred thousand barrels a year by 1916. Silk and garment mills became major employers for mining woman with companies such as the Empire Silk Mill importing silk from Japan. Richard Jones, a mill worker, founded Vulcan Iron Works on S. Main St. in 1849, which grew to one thousand six hundred employees, producing loc... Free Essays on History Of Wilkes-barre Free Essays on History Of Wilkes-barre During the early 1700's various Indian tribes, such as the Shawanese, Delaware and Nanticoke, settled in the valley of Wilkes-Barre. In 1768, a group of Yankees, led by Major John Durke, built Fort Durkee near Ross Street. They named the area for John Wilkes and Iasaac Barre. Several battles took place in the following years, but the Yankees were finally recognized as the owners of the land. By the turn of the century, the area had a Newspaper, a post office, and court house. In the late 1800's and early 1900's, hundreds of thousands of immigrants came to the region to work the anthracite coal. This transformed the Wyoming Valley from an isolated farming area to a metropolis. However, the costs of extracting the clean-burning coal from the deep mine shafts were great in human and environmental terms. One out of every four mine workers was a boy. Boys as young as 7 worked the breakers, sorting out rocks from the coal. When mining was at its peak in this area, almost every day the papers carried an account of someone being killed. The most common injury was from fallen rock. The success of coal brought a steady stream of entrepreneurs who grew very rich and powerful. J. C. Atkins built the Wilkes-Barre Lace Manufacturing Co., and Fred Kirby opened his first five-and-dime stores at 172 E. Market St. Men like Charles Parrish and the Coxe brothers owned mines, powder mills, timber companies, and railroads. In 1857, Charles Stegmaier began brewing beer on Hazle St, and he was turning out over two hundred thousand barrels a year by 1916. Silk and garment mills became major employers for mining woman with companies such as the Empire Silk Mill importing silk from Japan. Richard Jones, a mill worker, founded Vulcan Iron Works on S. Main St. in 1849, which grew to one thousand six hundred employees, producing loc...

The Long Walk Home Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Long Walk Home - Movie Review Example Odessa makes a very courageous decision to go public with her desire and hope for a more just society and equality for her people. On the other hand, in the beginning of the movie, Miriam is not really even aware of racism. Miriam has lived her private white life not really understanding or even caring about what is happening around her in the public area. She is so blind to the fact that racism could invade her private life that she sends her daughter with the black maid to the "white" park, resulting in Odessa's expulsion from that park. Before the bus boycott starts, Miriam is worry about whether Odessa will come to her house to clean the house. When Odessa is unable to be on time for work or not to come to her house, Miriam starts to feel some personal consequences of racism because her house cleaning expectations were not being met. After she starts driving into Odessa's world, and sees how different life is beyond her community, she starts to change from a very private person who just wants her house cleaned to a person with moral spirit. As a result, Miriam makes the brave decision to break out of her very private "white" community and become a public figure in order to stand up against racism. She against her husband and drives into Odessa's neighborhood to pick her up and eventually begins a carpool to drive Odessa's neighbors as well. By her actions, she displays her hope in a racially equal world with more justice for the black people. This story stands as an example how small gestures can have a great impact on society. Much can be accomplished when the people, white and black both, work together to effect change. This was the basis of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. As a matter of fact, it is possible for us to replicate their success stories in our present world in order to make it more just and humane. At first, we need to overcome the hold of prevailing negative ideologies, prejudices and stereotyping. People often tend to think that there exist a strict dichotomy between personal and public life. However, in reality, both are not only intertwined but also interrelated. Psychologically speaking, what happens in our personal life could have certain effects in our public life as well and vice versa. When we look at history, there are ample of examples that prove that when somebody crosses the boundaries of his/her personal world in order to make changes in the very world in which s/he lives, nothing could prevent the triumph that desire. Remember, when Copernicus told that the sun rounds the earth and not the other way, nobody else was there to stand for the truth. But, the truth is that truth could stand for itself. The lives of great leaders such as Luther King, Mandela, and Gandhi are the concrete exemplification of this fact. When they faced challenges in their personal life, t hey did not quietly withdraw from the scene, but, approached the world in order to make it a better place. When we see injustice of any sort around us, it is our duty to say 'Enough is Enough'. A big 'NO' can change the world a lot. "The Long Walk Home' which too presents the picture of the

The Models or Schools Of Thought to the Management of Business Essay

The Models or Schools Of Thought to the Management of Business Strategy - Essay Example The present research has identified that the strategic models during the 1980s were predominantly premised upon factors external to the organization. They pertained to elements in the business environment which shaped the manner in which the corporation responded. The advantage of these strategies is that they are market-oriented and therefore are keen to capture opportunities and avoid threats; however, they largely ignore or overlook the internal resources and capabilities of the company and its strengths and weaknesses. As a result, the strategic plans are not always feasible for the company to implement, or the firm may be ill-equipped or their personnel ill-trained to properly execute it.   Porter’s model focuses on five forces that are external to the firm but internal to the industry to which it belongs. The stronger these forces are, the more limited a firm is in building profits; on the other, weak forces indicate that there are more opportunities to earn profits. O ver time, the strength of each of the forces may change, together with changing industry conditions. It is the manager’s task to take cognizance of these risks and opportunities and to formulate an appropriate strategy in response to these forces. Each of the generic strategies adopts a fundamentally different approach in â€Å"creating, sustaining, and combining a firm’s competitive advantage† and deciding on what its specific target shall be. The clear-cut distinctions the model makes among the strategies tend to be simplistic and misleading because a cost leader cannot ignore the basis of differentiation – that is, the cost leader must at least achieve parity or proximity on the basis of differentiation as its competitors for it to realize an advantage over them in cost. Conversely, the firm relying on differentiation must attain a cost structure at parity or proximity to its competitors, by reigning in costs that do not impact on differentiation.

Casing an Integral Part in Oil Drilling Assignment

Casing an Integral Part in Oil Drilling - Assignment Example Conductor casing does vary in diameters from 18’’ to 30’’ (Mid Continent, 2014). Freshwater zones are isolated from the well of oil by surface casting. This makes sure that the waters remain uncontaminated in the drilling and completion process. Such environmental issues have compelled some countries to put in place regulations governing cement quality as well as casting depth. A surface casting classic size is 18 5/8 inches. Intermediate casting helps minimize the hazards, which underground formations could pose to the well. It also prevents blowouts by supporting maintenance of hydrostatic pressure at the appropriate levels. Intermediate casing happens to the longest casting section found in a well. Liner strings at times can be used as an alternative to intermediate casting. They are less permanent compared to an intermediate casing and are used often for cost reduction (Mid Continent, 2014). The liner is hung right from the base of the prior casting interval and not from the surface, as a replacement for being cemented in place. Production casting is the final and it happens to be the deepest section of well casing. It does provide a channel for petroleum producing formation to the surface. Its size does depend on several considerations. For instance for a well expecting future deepening, production casing should wide enough for a drill bit to pass through. Well, a casing is done in sections (joints) of around 40 feet long and joined together in order to form long lengths known as casting strings (Rigzone, 2014). Every end of a casting joint does have male threads, which are under the protection of a thread protector, till the casings become ready for joining. A coupling or collar made of a cylindrical pipe that is short but longer slightly in diameter than the joints and has female threads connects the male joint ends (U.S. Department of Labor, 2014).  Ã‚  

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis: Starbucks in India

PESTEL and SWOT Analysis: Starbucks in India Starbucks is the number one specialty coffee retailer in the world. The company wants to deliver the finest coffee products and offers handcrafted beverages. Starbucks is not only about drinking coffee but about a unique experience. The company follows an international expansion strategy through strategic alliances. Starbucks wants to prevent competitors from having a head start, build upon the growing interest for Western brands and take advantage of the higher coffee consumption rates. After building a successful brand in Japan and China Starbucks wants to enter the Indian market. Starbucks found a local supplier for their coffee, Tata. However, the company has not yet found a partner to enter the Indian market with. In this report we will give an outline of some of the challenges Starbucks might face when entering the Indian market. We will give an analysis of the external environment in India. Later we will describe the strengths and weaknesses of the company and the opportunities and threats the Indian market offers. We will combine the internal and external analysis to propose four possible strategies to target the Indian market. PEST(LE) Analysis The PESTLE analysis is a tool which provides insight of the external environment in which organizations operate or will operate and aids the strategy formulation of those organizations. Considering the fact that Starbucks is planning to enter the market in India, the PESTLE analysis is going to evaluate favorable and unfavorable conditions in the countrys political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental setting. Political factors The political factors have strong influence upon the regulation and controlling of business and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. We must consider those factors as very important and even crucial depending on the political system of the country we are operating in and the political condition of the country as a whole. The Indian economy has been subject to series of positive economic reforms since 1991 which had created a better working environment for foreign companies and has made it possible for foreign investors to operate in the country more easily. The reforms have also resulted in higher growth rates, lower inflation and increase and ease of the foreign investments. The current Indian government United Parties Alliance (UPA), headed by the Indian National Congress party (INC) has shown more tolerance towards foreign countries in general and towards FDI in numerous economic sectors. These reforms have placed India in a favorable position in the world economic stage. Taking into consideration the political environment in India as a whole, the bureaucracy complications and the regulatory FDI controls and regulations, it is safer for Starbucks to enter India via a joint venture or a strategic alliance with an Indian company that can provide a buffer from possible political tension. Furthermore, Starbucks can face some opposition from the existing competitors (CCD, Barista, etc.) through the use of political influence and delaying tactics. Although situations like these are possible to happen, the chance is low taking into account that the Indian market is large enough to hold more companies and the leaders in the Indian gourmet coffee industry will not be strongly affected by Starbucks entry. Economic factors In economic terms India is experiencing growing GDP with levels reaching 7.4% for 2009 and 8.3% for 2010. The GDP per capita has also been estimated to have stable growth in the last few years, reaching $ 3  500 in 2010.  [1]  Additionally, the high levels of inflation, which peaked at 11% in the beginning of 2010, reached stable one digit figures by the end of the year as a result of the Indias central bank interest levels adjustment. Favorable environment for Starbucks entry are provided by the big cities in the country. Mumbai is regarded as the countrys financial center and accommodates many foreign financial organizations as well as many IT companies. Delhi and Bangalore, other major cities with population totaling just below 20 million, are centers of call-center hubs and international IT companies. Apart from that, The Indian Government is still working on improving unfavorable factors such as widespread poverty, inadequate physical and social infrastructure, bureaucracy, limited non-agricultural employment opportunities, regulatory and foreign direct investment controls, insufficient access to quality basic and higher education, and the imbalance of rural-to-urban migration. Furthermore, the government strives to reduce its fiscal deficit in 2011 to 5.5% of GDP from 6.8% in previous years. Socio-Cultural factors As one of the main characteristics of the company, the ethical approach towards internal and external stakeholders is almost a trademark for Starbucks. The company is widely known for its humane approach towards sourcing its coffee and related products and towards converting its employees to skilled baristas and dedicated brand ambassadors. In addition to that the company plays an important role as sustainable leader on the market and conveys all through its consistent business strategy. This positioning as sustainable business player is important facet for the Indian market and its many socio-cultural dimensions. It gives Starbucks position with regard to an important cultural trend that with the growing employment rate of young people, their disposable income also grows and they become a very profitable target audience. According to sources the population of the country consists of more than 60% of the people between the age of 15-59. Also with the westernization of the social trends more and more young people trust western brands and prefer foreign goods. They also go for the same trends and try to mimic the same status of exclusivity young people in the US and Europe look for. This places Starbucks at a very dynamic position, where it has a good opportunity and much possibility to capture quick customers. The only problem is that they will not be the first on the market with specialty coffee offering and their otherwise leadership position could strongly be under mined and only sustained by their brand image. Next to that, the culture and cuisine of India poses a very interesting challenge. The mix of traditional tea-drinking population together with the various differences between Muslim and Hindu and the growing difference among various regions of the country, make it extremely to divide and place is concrete consumer groups. Still the most obvious separation with regard to coffee consumption is visible in the city versus rural areas separation with the urban population having distinctly higher preferences for coffee. Still the numbers of coffee consumers remains low with slow negative growth figure between 2000 and 2005 6.7% and 2.0% respectively. Technological factors In 2004 Starbucks entered into a strategic alliance with Tata Coffee LTD., the largest coffee producer in India. With signing this agreement, Starbucks finally found the partner it needed. A company which met all the conditions and standards followed by Starbucks. Tata proofed its quality standard by winning a gold medal for the best Robusta coffee in the world. The factor of quality is very important at the Indian market as high quality coffee beans are easily available. With this strategic relation with the Tata Group, the company, Starbucks, might be able to succeed with competitive pricing in India. Another important technological factor is the lack of infrastructure in India. However, having such an experienced local partner, Starbucks does not face any problems with this issue. Legal factors The legal environment in India might not be viewed as positive as the one in USA or Europe in the eyes of global business. Corruption in the country is high and it raises concerns. Starbucks has already experienced some drawbacks from the legal environment in India. The case of Starstruck is being mentioned as an example of weak copyright and trademark protection in the country. Even though, the business opportunities still remain attractive since India has shown significant improvement in reforms towards international business and investment. Due to these improvements the countrys has attracted FDIs. Lower tariffs and lower barriers to enter have made the Indian market extremely promising and willing to change. Environmental factors The Starbucks coffee is for a large part dependent on the quality of coffee beans. Several environmental factures must be taking into account for growing coffee. Sufficient water and trees and a diverse flora and fauna are important for growing coffee beans. The rapid growth of the population and economic development will lead to a number of environmental issues like uncontrolled growth, urbanization, industrialization, intensification of the agriculture and destruction of the forest. The growing population has an adverse effect on natural resources and the environment. Therefore, it is very important that India grows in a sustainable way. External factors Opportunities Following Indias economic liberalization in 1990 the country experiences accelerated growth which reaches an average of 7% in the years after 1997. This, alongside with the increasing levels of GDP, results in growing disposable income of consumers. In a country where cultural trends play important role in society growing income and standards of living creates demand for western goods. In recent years there has been a growing number of department stores. They accommodate mainly the high-income and the upper-middle segment, which happens to be the target group of Starbucks. Placing coffee-bars in such places is a big opportunity for achieving high profits and is definitely something that Starbucks has experience with. Another opportunity on the Indian market is the growing size of Starbucks target group. In 2006 the middle class in India was estimated at around 250 million and it is growing in urban areas. All, these factors show that Starbucks has a large enough target group which is willing and able to pay premium price for a high quality western brand. Starbucks has the potential to skim the Indian market, because of its positioning and brand image. Threats The coffee retail market in India consists of mainly homegrown brands. The biggest ones are Coffee Cafà © Day (CCD), followed by Qwikys and Barista Coffee. These companies are considered as threats to Starbucks entry in the Indian market because they are offering similar and sometimes identical products. CCD, for instance, the company which pioneered the concept of specialty coffee in India, has wide range of cafà © formats with almost identical concept used by Starbucks. Besides, CCD has presence all around the India. The same company also sells merchandise and is involved in heavy marketing, such as establishing relations with the Indian movie and television series industry. Furthermore, CCDs best-seller the cold Frappe is a direct competition to Starbucks Frappuccino. It is also mentioned that the infrastructure in India is weakly developed, which might result difficulties or larger amounts of costs incurred in the business operations of Starbucks. In addition the retail environment in India is largely unorganized and dominated by small and individually owned businesses. The threat from substitute goods in India should also be considered. The Indian population is still heavy tea drinkers. The consumption of tea per person in 2000 was reported to 44 liters in comparison to 1.2 liters of coffee. Another good, which is considered a substitute, is the instant coffee. It is reported that 65 % of households bought instant coffee and only 18 % bought filter coffee. Internal factors Strengths Taking into consideration the size and market power of Starbucks as a leader in specialty coffee retailing, the brand equity of the company is one of the most valuable assets they have (Interbrand Top 100 Most Valuable Brands N 97 estimated brand value $ 3.339 m). This strength also has the highest rate in the strengths section because through its consistent and innovative marketing strategy and exclusive product positioning Starbucks managed to maintain throughout the years its brand integrity and kept on its very consistent mission and vision. The strong joint ventures and strategic alliances that the company has establish all over the word made it possible for them to create and develop a sustainable supply chain of high quality.   Moreover, Starbucks has also placed great attention to the well-being and satisfaction of their employees. The company ranks at N 98 Fortune`s 100 Best Companies To Work For. Another very important strength of Starbucks is their financial stability. Taking into account that the company`s total net revenues for 2010 increased 17.2%, compared to 2009, to $2.8 billion, the capital availability that Starbucks has is making it easier for them to manage their expansion in other new markets like India. Weaknesses Because of the high quality exclusive products that Starbucks is offering their price range is also very high compared to their competitors. It is a weakness of the company but at the same time it is not addressed heavily because it is part of their exclusive image. Entering the Indian market, Starbucks are not the first movers in the coffee retail industry; there are already established leaders on the market and thus Starbucks are market followers. Because of this high competition Starbucks is also facing a problem regarding their suppliers. They signed a supply deal with Tata Coffee which is actually co-owner of the main competitor on the market. Strategic factors TOWS Matrix The TOWS matrix, serves as a framework for organizations to assess the combination of external and internal factors. The matrix helps companies to decide on approaches depending on the opportunities and threats the business environment has to offer and how the company is going to take advantage on them depending on their internal capabilities. Maxi-maxi strategy The growing Indian economy provides attractive opportunities for a company such as Starbucks. These favorable economic conditions create an environment in which exclusive and luxury products such as Starbuck coffee will be in growing demand. The international popularity of the Starbucks brand will help the company to position itself on the Indian market. Starbucks in one of the best known American brands in the world and it is also connected with positive affiliations on the market. With its strong and distinctive brand image the company is able to take advantage of the growing demand for branded, western and luxury products. On the other hand, in order to gain market share, Starbucks can reduce the prices, but not below the competitions levels and by maintaining healthy profit margins. This is possible since Starbucks has at its disposal coffee from a local supplier. One way the firm could protect its position involves developing a marketing campaign emphasizing its superior customer service in comparison to its competitors. Maxi-mini strategy The high brand equity and recognition of Starbucks` products is definitely the biggest advantage they have over their competitors. Taking into account the size of their Indian competitors and the size of the market as a whole, Starbucks has to put more emphasis on its marketing strategy and try to stress on the promotion of its exclusiveness and premium product portfolio in order to differentiate its brand in the consumer`s mind. In order to grow and outperform its already existing competitors Starbucks must also emphasize on the company`s points of difference, which include the brand experience as a whole, the brand quality that they are offering and also the convenient access to their locations. Starbucks is well known for its high quality and distinctive products, so substitute products can`t deliver to the customer the same exclusive level of high quality and cannot satisfy the customers` needs and wants as Starbucks does. In order to create and retain a position in the customers` mind Starbucks must extend their product portfolio so that it can match the local preferences. For example, they can offer special Indian tea and other typical for the region herbal mixes. Mini-maxi strategy As a company that offers specialty coffee the limited portfolio of Starbucks, in terms of non-coffee products, can be considered as exclusive offering. Therefore, the company is in a good position to take advantage of the growing opportunity that the cultural westernization is offering and minimize the impact of their weakness. As exclusive product, Starbucks` specialty coffee can give the targeted consumers the desired social status. Mini-mini strategy Starbucks should keep its prices high as the alternative can undermine the exclusivity and top quality image of the coffee. Thus, Starbucks has the ability to minimize the impact of their high price weakness on the India market and deal the pressure from competition which is a definite threat. Even though, the main competitors have similar, and even more extensive product portfolios, Starbucks has the competitive advantage of its exclusive brand image. Moreover, Starbucks should slightly try to extend their product line portfolio in order to answer the consumers` existing demand for instant coffee. Summary The Indian market offers a future entry possibility for Starbucks. The economy and the population are increasing and there is a growing interest for western brands. Some recent government reforms have been undertaken which made investing in India easier for foreign companies. However, India still has some FDI restrictions and there is a lot of bureaucracy. Starbucks has three main competitors in India of which Barista and CCD are the biggest. They offer the same type and quality of products as Starbucks does. Also, India is a tea drinking country which presents a challenge for companies that mostly sell coffee. Furthermore, retailing is unorganized and underdeveloped in India. Looking at external and internal factors various strategies can be identified for possible entry in the Indian market. There will be a growing demand for Western products. Starbucks can use this trend to successfully introduce its product. The company should make use of its strong brand name and recognition as a Western product. The products Starbucks is offering are in line with the growing westernization and coffee culture. Also, growing GDP per capita will lead to the ability to pay more for a premium product. Starbucks should market themselves as a high quality Western brand. The exclusive product Starbucks is offering and the Western brand name is in line with the trend of westernization and a growing coffee culture. Starbucks should use their exclusivity and their brand name to target the specialty coffee market. By keeping prices high Starbucks will keep its image of being an exclusive brand. By slightly altering its product offering Starbucks can serve local preferences.

frank sinatra Essay -- essays research papers

Immortality is defined as eternal life. Frank Sinatra is one who will live forever. His music, his movies, his attitude, his eyes, whatever it is you remember him for, all the same, he IS greatness. Few people come along in the course of life that can be labeled great, Frankie is the symbol of greatness. Tens of millions of recordings, nine Grammys and two Academy Awards, over 60 films, worldwide tours, television specials, hundreds of millions of dollars raised for charities. Sinatra passed the tests of time with grades better than though could be achieved, this is his story†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Sinatra was born Dec. 12, 1915, the only child of working-class Italian-American immigrants, in a tenement at 415 Monroe St. in Hoboken. His father, Anthony, was a boxer/fireman in Hoboken. His mother, Natalie "Dolly" Sinatra, worked as a barmaid who loved to sing at family gatherings. Music always filled the Sinatra home. In high school, he saw his hero, Bing Crosby, perform live. This was all the inspiration Sinatra needed to set his goal as becoming a professional singer. Sinatra, while working jobs at The Jersey Observer, sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, He also appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows, where first prize was usually $10 or a set of dishes. His first professional gig was at the Rustic Cabin roadhouse in Englewood Cliffs, where Sinatra sang, told jokes and emceed when he wasn't waiting tables. At the request of his mother Frank enrolled in Hoboken's Stevens Institute of Technology , but he soon dropped out after 1 ½ semesters. In 1939 he was offered his first professional singing contract as the lead vocalist in Harry James' new band. When Sinatra started performing with the "Big Bands" he acquired a fierce following of young fans, which enabled him to later branch out as a solo artist. It was at this time that Sinatra's career soared. Sinatra was signed to a recording contract as a soloist by Columbia Recording Corporation. Sinatra had developed a highly innovative style of singing and finally could make decisions on how the band should play or how a song should be sung. If he wanted something changed, it was changed. A talent agency marketing Sinatra advertised him as: "The Voice That Thrilled Millions." This was later changed to "The Voice." This would be on of his many labels for life. Havi... ... himself. "He was modern, he was complex, he had swing and attitude. He was the big bang of pop...the man invented pop music." To call a person the best, or the greatest is a opinionated, unfair, assumption. Frank Sinatra is the exception to that statement. No other entertainer of this century can even hold a candle to the imprint that Frank Sinatra has left on society. He was the nice dressed, heavy drinking, romancer, who's voice touched the hears of millions. Never again will a single person come along on this earth that will dominate the world of music movies, radio, and set the standards of the modern culture. The world is just a giant school and Frank is the most popular kid in class. On May 15th, 1998, the world lost the body of Frank Sinatra, but not the presence of him. Frank Sinatra will live in the hearts of fans as long as there is a sun in the sky. Each day the earth spins a new Sinatra fan is born. "One of Sinatra's favorite toasts to make with a glass in hand was, 'May you live to be 100 and may the last voice you hear be mine,'" recalled crooner Tony Bennett, a longtime friend. "The master is gone but his voice will live forever." frank sinatra Essay -- essays research papers Immortality is defined as eternal life. Frank Sinatra is one who will live forever. His music, his movies, his attitude, his eyes, whatever it is you remember him for, all the same, he IS greatness. Few people come along in the course of life that can be labeled great, Frankie is the symbol of greatness. Tens of millions of recordings, nine Grammys and two Academy Awards, over 60 films, worldwide tours, television specials, hundreds of millions of dollars raised for charities. Sinatra passed the tests of time with grades better than though could be achieved, this is his story†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Sinatra was born Dec. 12, 1915, the only child of working-class Italian-American immigrants, in a tenement at 415 Monroe St. in Hoboken. His father, Anthony, was a boxer/fireman in Hoboken. His mother, Natalie "Dolly" Sinatra, worked as a barmaid who loved to sing at family gatherings. Music always filled the Sinatra home. In high school, he saw his hero, Bing Crosby, perform live. This was all the inspiration Sinatra needed to set his goal as becoming a professional singer. Sinatra, while working jobs at The Jersey Observer, sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, He also appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows, where first prize was usually $10 or a set of dishes. His first professional gig was at the Rustic Cabin roadhouse in Englewood Cliffs, where Sinatra sang, told jokes and emceed when he wasn't waiting tables. At the request of his mother Frank enrolled in Hoboken's Stevens Institute of Technology , but he soon dropped out after 1 ½ semesters. In 1939 he was offered his first professional singing contract as the lead vocalist in Harry James' new band. When Sinatra started performing with the "Big Bands" he acquired a fierce following of young fans, which enabled him to later branch out as a solo artist. It was at this time that Sinatra's career soared. Sinatra was signed to a recording contract as a soloist by Columbia Recording Corporation. Sinatra had developed a highly innovative style of singing and finally could make decisions on how the band should play or how a song should be sung. If he wanted something changed, it was changed. A talent agency marketing Sinatra advertised him as: "The Voice That Thrilled Millions." This was later changed to "The Voice." This would be on of his many labels for life. Havi... ... himself. "He was modern, he was complex, he had swing and attitude. He was the big bang of pop...the man invented pop music." To call a person the best, or the greatest is a opinionated, unfair, assumption. Frank Sinatra is the exception to that statement. No other entertainer of this century can even hold a candle to the imprint that Frank Sinatra has left on society. He was the nice dressed, heavy drinking, romancer, who's voice touched the hears of millions. Never again will a single person come along on this earth that will dominate the world of music movies, radio, and set the standards of the modern culture. The world is just a giant school and Frank is the most popular kid in class. On May 15th, 1998, the world lost the body of Frank Sinatra, but not the presence of him. Frank Sinatra will live in the hearts of fans as long as there is a sun in the sky. Each day the earth spins a new Sinatra fan is born. "One of Sinatra's favorite toasts to make with a glass in hand was, 'May you live to be 100 and may the last voice you hear be mine,'" recalled crooner Tony Bennett, a longtime friend. "The master is gone but his voice will live forever."